Noise disorders

Noise is a sound or noise that bothers. Noise can cause various disorders such as physiological disorders, psychological disorders, communication disorders and deafness. There is a disorder characterized Auditory disorders, such as impairment of hearing and non Auditory disorders such as communication disorders, safety hazards, decline in performance of work, stress and fatigue. More detailed noise impact on the health of workers is described as follows: 42-18085122
1. Physiological Disorders
In general, high-pitched noise is very annoying, especially if intermittent or the arrival of a sudden. Disorders can include increased blood pressure (± 10 mmHg), increased pulse, constricting peripheral blood vessels, especially on the hands and feet, and can cause pale and sensory disorders.
High-intensity noise may cause dizziness / headaches. This is due to noisy situations can stimulate the vestibular receptors in the inner ear which will cause evek dizziness / vertigo. Feelings of nausea, insomnia and shortness of breath disbabkan by noisy stimulation to the nervous system, balance organs, endocrine glands, blood pressure, digestive system and electrolyte balance.
2. Psychological Disorders
Psychological disorders can be a discomfort, lack of concentration, insomnia, and irritability. When the noise is received in a long time can lead to psychosomatic illness in the form of gastritis, heart disease, stress, fatigue and others.
3. Communication Disorders
Communication disorders are usually caused by the masking effect (hearing sounds that cover the less obvious) or impaired voice clarity. Communication conversation should be done by shouting. This disorder is caused disruption of the work, to the possibility of errors due to not hear the signal or sign of danger. This communication disorders indirectly endanger the safety of a person.
4. Balance Disorders
Noise can cause a very high impression of walking in space or flying, which can cause physiological disorders of the head of dizziness (vertigo) or nausea.
5. Effects on hearing
The main effect of noise on health is the sense of hearing damage, which causes progressive deafness and this effect has been known and accepted in general from a bygone era. At first the effect of noise on hearing loss is temporary and pemuliahan happen quickly after the work in noisy areas is stopped. But if it works continuously in the area of ​​noise there will be deaf and not able to settle back to normal, usually starting at a frequency of 4000 Hz and then widening kefrekuensi around and finally about the frequencies normally used for conversations.
Various kinds of hearing loss (deafness), can be divided into:
1. Temporary deafness (Temporaryt treshold Shift = TTS)
Resulting from exposure to noise with high intensity. Someone will decline to hear the power of temporary and usually too short exposure time. If labor is given in sufficient time of rest, hear the power will be restored.
2. Deaf Settled (treshold Permanent Shift = PTS)
Caused by long exposure time (chronic), the magnitude of PTS influenced factors as follows:
a. The high level of sound
b. Long exposure
c. Sound spectrum
d. Temporal pattern, if the noise is continuous then the possibility of TTS will be greater
e. Sensitivity of individual
f. The influence of drugs, some drugs may aggravate (influences synergistik) deafness when given in conjunction with voice contact, such as quinine, aspirin, and some other drugs
g. The state Health
3. Acoustic Trauma
Acoustic trauma is any injury yamg destroy part or all of hearing caused by the influence of a single exposure or multiple exposures of noise with very high intensity, explosions or very loud noise, like a cannon blast that can break the eardrum, bone damage hearing or auditory sensory nerve.
4. Prebycusis
Loss of power to hear as a result of increasing age is a symptom experienced by nearly everyone and was known by prebycusis (decreasing the power to hear the high notes). These symptoms should be taken into account when assessing the reduction in the hearing due to noise exposure in the workplace.
5. Tinnitus
Tinnitus is a sign of symptom onset hearing loss. Symptoms of ringing in the ears. People who can feel the tinnitus can experience these symptoms at the time of such quiet state during sleep at night or when in the room audiometric examination (ILO, 1998).
Sources:
Ambar, Air Pollution, 1999
Nasri, Engineering Measurement and Monitoring of Noise at Work, 1997
Sastrowinoto, Prevention of Air Pollution and Noise Impact Of Means of Transport, 1985