sexualitas

Sexuality and reproductive health of adolescents is defined as a state of physical and psychological well-being a teenager, including a state free from unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV / AIDS, as well as all forms of violence and sexual coercion ( FCI, 2000).
Why Adolescent Reproductive Health Important?
Adolescence is a time of transition between childhood to adulthood and the relative has not reached the stage of mental and social maturity, so they have to face the pressures of social emotions and conflicting. There are so many life events that will occur that will determine not only the adult life but also quality of life for future generations so putting this as a critical period.
In developing countries of this transition takes place very quickly. Even the age at first sex was always younger than the ideal age to get married (Kiragu, 1995:10, quoted from Alexander, 1997).
Effect of global information (audio-visual media exposure) are more easily accessible to children and adolescents actually fishing for adapt-kebiaasaan unhealthy habits like smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages, abuse of illicit drugs and injections, a fight between teenagers or brawl (Iskandar, 1997) . In the end, cumulatively these habits will speed up the early age of sexually active as well as deliver them to the habits of high-risk sexual behavior, becausemost teenagers do not have accurate knowledge of reproductive health and sexuality and have no access to reproductive health information and services, including contraception.
Needs and types of reproductive health risks faced by adolescents have different characteristics from the kids or adults. This type of reproductive health risks that must be faced teens include pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), to sexual violence, as well as problems limited access to information and health services. This risk is influenced by various factors that mutuallyrelated, namely the demand for early marriage and sexual relations, access to education and employment, gender inequality, sexual violence and the influence of mass media and lifestyle.
Especially for young women, they lack basic information about the skills to negotiate sexual relations with her partner. They also have a smaller chance to get a formal education and jobs that will ultimately affect the ability of decision-making and empowering them to delay marriage and pregnancy and prevent unwanted pregnancies (FCI, 2000). Even the young women in rural, menstruationThe first will usually be immediately followed by a marriage that puts them at risk for premature pregnancy and childbirth (Hanum, 1997:2-3).
Sometimes the originator of behavior or unhealthy habits in teens it is duedisharmony of father-mother, taboo questions the attitude of parents of children / adolescents on the functions / processes of reproduction and stimulation causes of sexuality (libido), and frequency of child abuse (physical child abuse).
They tend to feel uncomfortable and unable to provide sufficient information on reproductive organs and the reproductive process. Therefore, easily arise fear among parents and teachers, that education that touches the issue of reproductive organ development and function actually even encourage teenagers to have sex before marriage (Iskandar, 1997).
Condition of the school environment, the influence of friends, teachers unreadiness to provide reproductive health education, and state violence surrounding homes are also influential (O'Keefe, 1997: 368-376).
Teens who had no fixed abode and do not get protection and parental affection, has many more factors that contribute, such as: a sense of anxiety and fear that continuous exposure to the threat of fellow teen street, extortion, assault as well as other acts of violence, sexual abuse and rape (Kipke et al., 1997:360-367). The teens are at risk of exposure to unhealthy environmental influences, including drug abuse, drinkalcoholic, acts of criminality, and prostitution (Iskandar, 1997).
Reproductive Health Services for Teens
Choices and decisions taken by an adolescent depends on the quality and quantity of information they have, as well as the availability of services and policies that are specific to them, both formal and informal (Pachauri, 1997).
As a first step of prevention, increased knowledge of adolescents on reproductive health must be supported with communication materials, information and education (CIE) is firm about the causes and consequences of sexual behavior, what to do and comes with information about the proposition that the service would help if pregnancy has occurred unwanted or infected with ISR / STDs. Until now, information about reproductive health messages disseminated by the vague and unfocused, especially when it leads to sexual behavior (Alexander, 1997).
In terms of health services, Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning in Indonesia is only designed for women who are married, not for teenagers. Health workers were not equipped with the skills to serve the reproductive health needs of adolescents (Iskandar, 1997).
The number of comprehensive reproductive health facilities for adolescents are limited. If anything, their use is relatively limited in adolescents with problems of unplanned pregnancy or childbirth. Concerns about confidentiality (privacy) or ability to pay, and the fact or perception of teenagers do not like that attitude shown by the health workers, further limit access to services even further, although the service there. In addition, there are also legal barriers associated with providing services and information to groups of adolescents (Outlook, 2000).
Because of his condition, adolescents are a priority target group of service privacy and confidentiality (Senderowitz, 1997a: 10). This becomes complications, given the primary health care system in Indonesia is still not put these two things as a priority in an effort to improve the quality of client service oriented.